| Egypt - a country of pharaohs - Svidetel istorii |
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Witness storieswitness to history, Egypt is world famous for its ancient culture, dating back to the depth of millennia, and the Nile - the majestic river that has witnessed a history that began 6000 years ago. the ancient Egypt was called "a gift of the Nile." And indeed, the fate of this country has always been closely linked with its main water artery. For many centuries the annual flooding of the Nile determined the rhythm of life of Egyptians. Each year in the same time the water level rose in the Nile. The river overflowed and flooded wide valleys, turning them into a giant lake. However, in the beginning of the XIX century, this natural cycle of nature was violated was a massive construction of dams. In place of the annual floods came irrigation system controlled by a man. In 1971, it completed construction of the Aswan Dam. With its help, the country was able to almost completely satisfy its energy needs, instead of facing unforeseen environmental consequences. It turned out that the dam retards rich in minerals mud, which had previously been distributed to areas under crops in the floods, and the appearance in the middle of the desert huge Aswan electric reservoirs has led to climate change in the surrounding area. But despite that, the tourist boom of the Nile continues. This can prevent even the Islamic fundamentalists who try to hinder the development of tourism, income from which constitutes one of the most important articles of the national budget. gift of nature
Only the Nile river - the most important and the most full-flowing river in Africa - does not give the Sudan and Egypt share the fate of other countries residing in the territory of the Sahara desert - Chad, Niger and Mali, who constantly suffer from the most severe droughts. It is impossible to overestimate the value of what has to Egypt, this is the longest river of the African continent, extending for 6,671 km in length. To understand this, it suffices to look at the history of Egyptian culture. People have long believed in the divine origin of the Nile. For centuries, the ancient scholars were arguing about its origins. For example, Herodotus was convinced that the Nile originates in the area between Siena and Elephantine Islands. In fact, the Nile flows out of Lake Victoria, located in hot and humid region of Central Africa. The last 3000 km of its way to the sea river flowing through the desert, while remaining almost the same full-flowing. On its way from south to north Nile crosses three climatic zones (equatorial, tropical and desert zone). In the north of Egypt Cairo Nile passes and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. Splitting into several branches, the river rushes to the former marine bay to the south of Alexandria. By the way Neil irrigates "black earth" - alluvial tracts, formed over the centuries. For Egypt, as well as Sudan, the Nile is a priceless treasure. On its shores, forming an evergreen oasis, you can see the farmers and fishermen, traders and tourists. Yet Neal has the Egyptians not only blessed moisture. In the past, disputes over water allocation have repeatedly provoked conflicts between Egypt and Sudan, threatens to turn into a real war. |
